重庆彭水徐家坝遗址出土商周时期的船形杯功能研究

摘要

In 2009,a boat-shaped cup was excavated from the Xujiaba site at Pengshui in Chongqing city.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry analysis showed that the surface of the boat-shaped cup contained a large amount of Cu and Pb and a trace amount of Sn.Additionally,a small copper block isolated from the boat-shaped cup was found to be made of Cu,Sn and Pb.X-ray diffraction analysis of a blue-gray material in the cup showed that it was comprised of cassiterite（SnO2）,copper oxide（CuO） and carbon（C）.These results indicated that the Ba People,who lived during the Shang and Zhou dynasties,knew the properties of bronze alloys and had grasped the technology of bronze smelting and casting.This finding suggests that boat-shaped cup was used as a crucible in the bronze smelting and casting.%2009年,重庆彭水徐家坝遗址出土了一件船形杯,其用途到底是什么？学术界一直未有一个定论。本工作利用检测手段,从物质成分和结构方面揭示出徐家坝遗址出土船形杯的用途。扫描电镜能谱分析显示船形杯体中含有大量的Cu和Pb以及微量的Sn,杯体表层分离出来的铜块为Cu、Sn和Pb三元合金的铸造组织结构。同时,杯体表面青灰色残留物的X-射线衍射分析显示其中含有锡石（SnO2）、氧化铜（CuO）和碳（C）。实验数据表明巴人在商周时期已经了解到了青铜合金的性质,掌握了青铜冶铸技术,有力证实船形杯可以作为冶铸工具坩埚的观点。