制造业服务化背景下技能人才胜任力模型构建与评价

摘要

制造业服务化转型是"中国制造2025"的核心任务之一,对技能人才提出了更新、更高的要求.在分析制造企业服务化转型对技能人才胜任力需求的基础上,从专业知识与技能、学习与创新能力、客户协作意识与能力以及职业角色认同4个维度,构建并验证技能人才胜任力模型.在此基础上,运用主成分分析法对制造企业技能人才胜任力进行评价.结果显示:技能人才总体胜任力处于中等水平,其中专业知识与技能以及职业角色认同维度达到良好水平,学习与创新能力以及客户协作意识与能力维度偏低;90后技能人才的职业角色认同显著低于80后和70后,高级工和技师的总体胜任力相当,民营企业和小企业技能人才总体胜任力相对较低.%Manufacturing servitization is one of the core tasks of "Made in China 2025", and puts forward new and higher requirements for skilled talents.Based on the analysis of competency needs of manufacturing servitization on skilled tal-ents, this paper constructed and validated the competency model of skills talents from dimensions of professional knowl-edge and skills, learning and innovation ability, customer cooperation consciousness and ability and occupation role identi-ty.On this basis, principal component analysis was applied to evaluate the competency of skilled talents in manufacturing enterprises.The research results showed that:the overall competency of skilled talents is in the middle level, among them, the professional knowledge and skills and occupation role identity achieve a good level, the learning and innovation ability and customer cooperation consciousness and ability are on a lower level; the occupation role identity of post-90s skilled tal-ents is significantly lower than that of post-80s and post-70s skilled talents, the overall competence of senior workers is e-qual to that of technicians , the overall competence of skilled talents in private enterprises and small enterprises is relative-ly low.