新疆全要素能源效率地区差异及其影响因素研究

摘要

By employing nonparametric Malmquist index of productivity,the author analyzes the changes of total factor en-ergy efficiency of 1 5 regions and cities in Xinjiang during 2005—201 1 from the perspective of technical progress,pure tech-nical efficiency and scale efficiency index.Then the paper compares regional differences in the energy efficiency by Gini co-efficient,and ,analyze dynamic evolution based on kernel density estimation,and estimates the degree of effect made by the factors such as economics standard,internal structure of industry,technical progress,import and export trade,as well as influences of government on the change of total factor energy efficiency by panel regression.The study indicates that:during 2005—201 1 ,the wholeness of total factor energy efficiency improves constantly mainly because of technical pro-gress,while the difference of energy efficiency in Xinjiang is obvious,evolving from “single peak”to “twin Peaks”;the adjustment of internal structure of industry,technical progress,import and export trade,as well as influences of government have varied degrees of simulative impact on the promotion of energy efficiency,while economic standards have negative im-pact on it.Therefore,it is necessary to further adjust the industrial structure,give full play to the role of technological in-novation,intensify opening up,and increase government supervision of energy saving measures.By the measures it can im-prove total factor energy efficiency and reduce environmental pollution.%基于非参数 DEA 模型的 Malmquist 生产率指数方法，对2005—2011年新疆地区15个地州全要素能源效率进行评价，继而运用 Gini 系数、对数离差均值和 Theil 指标对各地州能源效率的差异进行比较分析，应用核密度估计方法研究其能源差异的动态演进过程；利用面板数据估计经济规模、产业结构、技术水平、对外开放程度和政府影响力等要素对新疆地区全要素能源效率变化的影响程度。研究表明：2005—2011年期间，新疆地区的全要素能源效率不断提高，技术进步是主要原因，但能源效率差异显著，由“单峰”向“双峰”演变；产业结构、技术水平、对外开放和政府影响力的调整促进了新疆地区能源效率的不断提升，但是由于新疆处于依靠能源提高经济增长的阶段，所以其经济增长对能源效率是有负向作用的。因此，通过进一步调整产业结构、充分发挥技术创新的作用、加强对外开放力度以及加大政府节能减排措施的监管，能够提高全要素能源效率，降低环境污染。