不同地区、品种及养殖模式罗非鱼营养差异分析

摘要

Tilapia (GIFT,O.niloticus ♀ × O.aureus ♂)cultured under monoculture mode,polyculture mode with shrimp,polyculture mode with freshwater fish from southern China were collected.The contents of basic nutritional compositions,amino acid and fatty acid in their muscle were determined and the differences were analyzed from species,breeding modes and cultured areas.Results showed that there had little difference between GIFT and O.niloticus ♀ × O.aureus ♂ tilapia of their basic nutrients and fatty acid,but higher contents of total amino acid (19.51 g/100 g)and essential amino acid (7.96 g/100 g) were observed in the latter (p ＜ 0.05).Between the two polyculture mode,several kinds of flavoraminoacid,essential amino acidandnon-essential amino acid content were higher in tilapia fed with freshwater fish (p ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference was observed when compared with the monoculture mode.Among the four cultured areas,tilapia from Guangdong Province contain higher amino acid and fatty acid,their flavor amino acid content(7.65 g/100 g)were significantly higher than tilapia from Guangxi and Hainan Province(p ＜0.05).Oleic acid(1.44 mg/g),linoleic acid(1.02 mg/g)and DHA content(0.91 mg/g) of tilapia from Guangdong Province were higher than tilapia from Guangxi and Fujian Province(p ＜ 0.05),higher total amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid content were also observed.In summary,the quality of O.niloticus ♀ × O.aureus ♂ tilapia quality were better than GIFT,tilapia polyculture with freshwater fish were better than polyculture with shrimp,GIFT tilapia from Guangdong were surpass than others.%以我国南方主要养殖产区的罗非鱼为对象,选择奥尼和吉富两个优势品种,采集池塘养殖(单养)、鱼虾混养、鱼鱼混养(罗非鱼-大宗淡水鱼)三种养殖模式的罗非鱼,分别测定其基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸组成及含量并分析不同品种、养殖模式及不同产地之间的差异.结果表明:不同品种罗非鱼基本营养成分差异不大;两者脂肪酸组成和含量基本一致;但奥尼罗非鱼氨基酸总量(19.51 g/100 g)和必需氨基酸含量(7.96 g/100 g)均高于吉富罗非鱼,其多种氨基酸含量也高于吉富(p＜0.05).鱼鱼混养罗非鱼天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸等风味氨基酸以及部分必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸含量均高于鱼虾混养罗非鱼(p＜0.05),单养模式与另外两种养殖模式相比差异不显著.四个主要罗非鱼产区中,广东罗非鱼的氨基酸、脂肪酸含量更高;其鲜味氨基酸含量(7.65 g/100 g)显著高于广西和海南地区(p＜0.05),氨基酸总量(19.36 g/100 g)也为四个地区中最高.广东罗非鱼的油酸(1.44 mg/g)、亚油酸(1.02 mg/g)以及DHA含量(0.91 mg/g)均高于广西和福建地区(p＜0.05),其不饱和脂肪酸含量也在四个地区中最高.综上分析,奥尼罗非鱼营养品质高于吉富罗非鱼;鱼鱼混养罗非鱼品质高于鱼虾混养;广东吉富罗非鱼品质高于其他三个地区.