《烟雾笼罩着古老的阶梯》的新历史主义解读

摘要

In 2011 , Alexander Chudakov won the Russian Booker of the Decade with A Gtoom Is Cast upon the Ancient Steps, which is a comprehensive explanation of Chudakov' s outlook of history. It fits well the Neo - historicist ideas: "historicity of texts" and "textuality of history". The text writer selects the historian' s perspective to deconstruct the historian' s identity and then to display his attitude and understanding of history. Here, the interaction between literature and history is shown: the text writer reproduces history, restores history, does textual research into history and replenishes history so that the text means more than history, and pursues man' s ultimate dream in the dialogue between literature and history the true essence of life, spiritual inhabitation and human liberation. In the opinion of the text writer, such a pursuit is fulfilled not by God, whom we "can' t get to know" , or by those who are teased by the ridiculous fate in reality, but by art, which is held in the heart of the "grandfather" , i.e. to artistically achieve understanding of life and existence through literature and art.%＂十年俄语布克奖＂获奖小说《烟雾笼罩着古老的阶梯》饱含凝重的历史感,是作家丘达科夫历史观的一个全面阐释,契合新历史主义＂文本的历史性＂和＂历史的文本性＂的理念。文本作者选用一位历史学家的视角来达到历史学家身份的解构,进而展现自己对历史的态度和认识。文学和历史的互动关系在此表现为：用文学文本来再现历史,还原历史,考证历史,补充历史,让文本大于历史,从文学与历史的平行对话中探寻人类的终极梦想——生活的真谛,＂精神的栖息＂,人性的解放。而完成这样的追求在作家看来不能靠＂无法认识＂的上帝,也不会是现实中被荒诞命运捉弄的人,而是＂姥爷＂心中的艺术,也即,在文学艺术中艺术地实现对生命、生活、生存的感悟和洞识。