文章评述并归纳了近年来地质样品中Re-Os同位素分析的化学前处理方法研究进展.总结了锍镍火试金法、碱熔法、Carius管溶样法以及HPA-S高温高压釜溶样法等常用的Re-Os同位素样品消解方法.归纳了离子交换、溶剂萃取富集Re以及蒸馏、萃取等分离富集Os的方法.由于地质样品的复杂性,Re、Os含量的不均一性及测试方法的多样性,要求在具体分析过程中不同的样品使用不同的消解方法和分离富集方法.当前国内应用较成熟的Re、Os分离方法是Carius管逆王水分解样品,原位蒸馏或CCl4萃取方法分离Os,阴离子交换法或丙酮萃取分离Re.%Recent advances in sample digestion and preconcentration used for rhenium and osmium isotope analysis in geological samples were reviewed, including the techniques of nickel sulfide fire assay, alkaline fusion, Carius tube acid treatment and high temperature-high pressure asher decomposion method ( HPA-S) for sample treatment. It summarized that the cation or anion exchange chromatography and solvent extraction technologies for separation and concentration of Re, and conventional distillation, micro-distillation, in situ distillation and solvent extraction technologies for separation and concentration of Os. Due to the complexity of geological samples, the heterogencity of Re and Os, different decomposition methods and separation technologies should be considered in specific analyses. It also summaried our experience of sample decomposition and preconcentration for Re and Os in geological samples. At present, the most acceptable method to separate Re and Os is to dissolve the samples with reverse aqua regia in Carius tube, followed by in situ distillation or carbon tetrachloride extraction to separate Os, and finally separation of Re with anion exchange chromatography or acetone extraction.
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