为了评估满足不同排放标准的在用车在实际道路行驶条件下的污染状况,以2013年3-11月间在北京市朝阳区收集的16.5×104组在用汽油车排放遥感测试大数据为基础,对北京市的在用车实际道路排放水平进行分析和评价.结果表明:新车排放标准升级明显降低了在用车的CO、HC和NO平均排放浓度.从国Ⅰ/国Ⅱ到国Ⅲ以及从国Ⅲ到国Ⅳ/国Ⅴ,每次标准升级使得在用车的CO排放浓度平均降低12％～15％,HC和NO排放浓度分别降低13％和40％左右.与2003年相比,北京市2013年机动车CO、HC和NO排放的平均浓度分别下降了52.1％、82.1％和65.3％,排放标准升级带来的减排效果十分明显.未来排放标准升级过程中应当强化对在用车实际驾驶过程排放的监管,同时积极引导老旧车辆的淘汰更新,加大对排放造假行为的执法和处罚力度.%In order to evaluate real-world driving emissions from in-use vehicles that meet various emission standards,real-world driving emissions from vehicles operating in Beijing were analyzed and assessed based on 165,000 sets of remote sensing data collected within Chaoyang District,Beijing from March to November 2013.The results indicated that,thanks to the introduction of new vehicle emission standards,the average exhaust concentrations of CO,HC and NO of in-use vehicles were reduced markedly.When the emission standard shifted from China Ⅰ/Ⅱ to China Ⅲ,and from China Ⅲ to China Ⅳ/Ⅴ,the implementation of a stricter emission standard resulted in a reduction of 12％-15％ in the average exhaust concentration of CO of in-use vehicles,while the average concentrations of H C and NO emissions decreased by 13％ and 40％ respectively.Compared to those in 2003,the average exhaust concentrations of CO,HC and NO of in-use vehicles in Beijing in 2013 decreased by 52.1％,82.1％ and 65.3％ respectively,which justified the upgrading of standards as an effective emission purification method.It is recommended that future standards should strengthen the supervision of real-world driving emissions from in-use vehicles,encourage the phasing out and renewal of old models,and intensify the enforcement efforts and punishment of emission cheating behaviors.
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