冲刷条件下既有桥梁桩基础工作性状研究进展

摘要

Soil erosion caused by scour occurs around pile foundation of bridge and may reduce the capacity of foundations and even lead to failure of bridge. Even though many researches focus on the behavior of pile foundation subject to scouring and few are involved in the evaluation of the effect of scouring on pile foundation. However, more attentions have been paid by academic and engineering experts. Based on defects of piers, abutments and pile foundations caused by scouring, this paper focuses on the lateral and vertical bearing behavior of pile foundation subject to scouring with theoretical researches, numerical analyses and model tests, and concludes that more systematic investigations to develop more reasonable theoretical methods are now badly needed. A large amount of research works on the behavior of pile foundation, numerical analysis, model tests and even field tests should be embarked on to lay the foundation for practical methods of evaluating the safety of bridge subjected to scouring.%水流冲刷可导致桥梁桩基础周围土体受到侵蚀，其后果轻则降低桩基础承载力，重则导致整座桥梁坍塌。尽管有关桥梁桩基础冲刷的研究很多，而涉及如何评价冲刷对桥梁桩基础承载性状影响的研究却较少，但正在受到学术界与工程界的高度重视。在分析由冲刷引起桥墩、桥台及桩基病害的基础上，重点从理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验等方面评述冲刷条件下，桩基水平和竖向承载性状的研究现状与进展，认为急需更多系统性的研究以探求合理的理论分析方法。因而，有必要进行大量的数值模拟和模型试验甚至是现场试验来研究桩基的冲刷性状，进而为找到分析冲刷对整座桥梁结构安全性能影响的实用评估方法提供理论基础。