预测与实用:地铁隧道施工引起的地面沉降

摘要

预测地铁隧道施工引起的地面沉降,防止附近地面结构物的损坏,这是修建地铁的城市面临的严峻挑战.论文叙述了几种预测地面沉降的方法,诸如半理论半经验法,有限元法及其反分析,以及现场实测地面沉降.实践表明半理论半经验法在许多场合获得成功应用.论文对半理论半经验法的地面沉降槽宽度系数和地层损失量两个重要参数进行详细阐述.最后论文引述了波兰华沙利用地面沉降预测值对既有房屋进行风险评估的实例.%The prediction of ground surface settlement caused by tunneling in soft ground is designed to avoid the damage to overlying and adjacent existing structures. Every city where metro project is progressing has to face the severe challenge. In this paper several prediction methods of ground surface settlement were described,such as the semi-theoretical and semi-empirical method,the finite element method and its inverse analysis,as well as the field measurements. It is shown that the semi-theoretical and semi-empirical method has successfully been applied in many cases since it was put forward. Both the settlement trough width coefficient and the volume of lost ground in this method are two important parameters,which were expounded in detail. Finally,in this paper an example was cited on application of prediction of ground surface settlement to existing building risk assessment in city Warsaw,Poland.