为了研究块根块茎类植物的利用历史,对中国南方常见块根块茎植物天南星科(Araceae)、薯蓣科(Dioscoreaceae)、百合科(Liliaceae)、睡莲科(Nymphaeaceae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、菱科(Trapaceae)、姜科(Zingiberaceae)和豆科(Leguminosae)中13个种的14个样品进行了现代淀粉粒形态分析.研究结果表明,根茎类植物的淀粉粒与禾本科、壳斗科等其他被人类利用的植物的淀粉粒具有明显的不同.综合运用粒径、二维形状、表面特征、脐点位置、单复粒、消光臂形态、长短轴比值以及针状草酸钙晶体等一系列指标,可以对这14个样品进行一定程度上的区分.块根块茎植物淀粉粒的长短轴比值与其粒径具有较好的正相关关系；植物淀粉粒组合中的某些特征性淀粉粒,可以作为该种植物淀粉的鉴定依据.此项研究结果充实了中国现代淀粉粒数据库,也为将来进行古代块根块茎类淀粉粒的鉴定提供了研究基础.%The understanding of root and tuber plant is a key issue in the origin of tropical agriculture and environmental archaeology. In order to identify starch grain of root and tuber plant collected from archaeological sites and establish the starch grains database of modern root and tuber plants of South China, 14 samples from 13 species within Families Araceae, Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Cyperaceae, Trapaceae, Zingiberaceae and Leguminosae are analyzed. Unlike the starch grain from the tribe Trticeae, which is always lenticular with a diameter of about 20μm, the starch grain from Setaria italica and Panicum miliaceum is always polygonal with a mean of 7μm. The starch grain from Castanea and Quercus is always ovoid or spindly with an average size of about 10 μm. The morphological characteristics of starch grains from roots and tubers are complicated. Except the very tiny starch grain,most of root and tuber starch grains have eccentric hilaand are more than 15μm in size with obvious lamellae. The starch grains from Colocasia esculenta ,Alocasia macrorrhiza and Euryale ferox are always rounded with a small diameter. The starch grains from Pueraria lobata are polygonal, 8 |xm in size, and always have some facets on the surface. The results of starch grain analysis show that a combination of different standards such as the size of starch grain, two-dimensional shape, surface features, hilum position, simple or compound grain, characteristics of Maltese cross,ration of length to width of starch grains and raphide accompanied by some starch grains to define the difference between all 14 samples can be apllied. The differences between starch of roots or tubers and other plants such as Poaceae or Fagaceae are obvious. By analysing the scatter plot for the rations of length to width of all starch grains,an empirical law that the bigger the length of starch grain is,the longer it is can be confirmed. Finally some special types of starch grain in every species can be found and used as an identification standard. This research will contribue to the starch grain database of modern plants in China, and provides a basis for the identification of starch grains collected from archaeological samples in the future.
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