主观健康测量及定量化估计方法的研究进展

摘要

健康风险评估是健康管理的基础工具、前提条件和关键技术.主观健康测量是健康风险评估的重要内容,已逐渐发展成为流行病学、医学统计学、行为医学、全科医学、心理学等多种学科的交叉学科,是健康风险评估研究的热点问题.本文总结了主观健康测量的优缺点,系统回顾了主观健康测量的两类定量化估计方法:计分方法和心理测量学方法,总结了主观健康测量的偏倚及控制方法.随着人类对健康和健康维度的认识已逐步深入,主观健康测量因其诸多优点,并具有较强的理论基础,且定量化估计方法已趋于成熟,目前在国外已被广泛用于健康风险评估和健康测量领域.我国亟需将主观健康测量理念和定量化估计方法引入健康风险评估和健康测量领域.%Health risk appraisal (HRA) is the basis tool,prerequisite key technologies for health management.The subjective health measurements is an important aspect of the health risk appraisal,and has gradually developed into an interdisciplinary science of the epidemiology,health statistics,behavioral medicine,clinical medicine,psychology,etc.,and is a hot domain of health risk appraisal.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of subjective health measurement were summarized.Two types of quantitative estimation method,which were the scaling methods and psychometric methods,were introduced.The bias and the methods to control the bias of the subjective health measurement were summarized.With the gradual deepening of the understanding of human health and the health dimension,the subjective health measurements,currently abroad,have been widely used in health risk appraisal and health measurement field,because of its advantages,the strong theoretical foundation,and quantitative estimation methods.So,the subjective health measurements and quantitative estimation methods were urgent needed to adopted in the health risk assessment and health measurement domain in China.