氧化石墨烯和石墨烯量子点的两亲性调控及其在Pickering乳液聚合中的应用

摘要

Graphene oxide (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are difficult to disperse in the polymer homogeneously.Pickering emulsion polymerization can effectively improve the dispersity of GO and GQDs in the polymer matrix,so the performances of composite material are improved.This article summarizes the preparation and structure of GO and GQDs,and expounds the influence of the GO size,ionic strength,pH,GO and GQDs structure designing,monomer polarity and other factors for the adjustment of amphiphilicity of GO and GQDs as well as the Pickering emulsion polymerization.The research progress of GO and GQDs used for improving the function of composite by Pickering emulsion polymerization is summarized.The ability for GO and GQDs to act as stabilizer for Pickering emulsions is related to the interfacial tension of liquid-liquid interfaces and liquid-solid interfaces and whether GO and GQDs can be adsorbed onto the liquid-liquid interfaces thermodynamically.All of the size,ionic strength,pH and structure designing have an effect on the liquid-solid interfacial tension.Hence,monomer polarity can decide the liquid-liquid and liquid-solid interfacial tension.The GO and GQDs can be modified by modification,reduction and other chemical methods,which can endow the polymer with excellent properties such as conductivity,thermal conductivity and magnetic responsivity.At last,the propects of GO and GQDs stabilizing Pickering emulsion are proposed.%氧化石墨烯(Graphene oxide,GO)和石墨烯量子点(Graphene quantum dots,GQDs)与聚合物复合时的分散性较差,用Pickering乳液聚合法可有效解决该问题,这对于提升复合材料的功能性有重要意义.本文归纳了GO和GQDs的制备方法和结构模型,阐述了GO尺寸、离子强度、pH、GO和GQDs结构设计以及单体极性等因素对于GO和GQDs的两亲性调控及其用于Pickering乳液聚合的影响,总结了GO和GQDs用于Pickering乳液聚合的研究进展.GO和GQDs能否作为稳定剂用于Pickering乳液聚合主要与液-液、液-固界面的界面张力大小以及GO和GQDs能否自发地吸附在液-液界面有关,尺寸、离子强度、pH、亲疏水性等均可显著影响液-固界面的界面张力,单体的极性则决定了液-液和液-固界面的界面张力.通过改性、还原等手段对GO和GQDs进行修饰后,可赋予Pickering乳液聚合物导电、导热以及磁响应性等优异性能.最后对GO和GQDs稳定Pickering乳液的研究进行了展望.