采用平行比较法研究了Pt-10Rh、Pt-4Pd-3.5Rh和Pt-12Pd-3.5Rh-RE合金以及其氨氧化催化剂的结构与性能.与传统的Pt-10Rh和Pt-4Pd-3.5Rh合金及其催化剂比较,以稀土改性的合金,即Pt-12Pd-3.5Rh-RE合金及其催化剂,具有更高的力学性能(包括室温和高温拉伸强度、持久强度和抗蠕变能力)和更低的挥发速率;在常压和中压硝酸生产过程中,该新舍金催化剂具有更高的氨氧化转化率、更低的铂耗率和氨耗率、更高的抗腐蚀、抗中毒和抗粘连能力以及更长的使用寿命.%A comparative study for the structure and performances of Pt - 10Rh, Pt -4Pd -3. 5Rh and Pt - 12Pd - 3.5Rh - RE alloys as the ammonia oxidation catalysts was carried out. Compared with the traditional Pt- 10Rh and Pt-4Pd-3.5Rh catalytic alloys, the new alloy, Pt- 12Pd-3.5Rh- RE, possesses higher mechanical properties, including the tensile strength at room and high temperatures, the lasting strength and the creep resistivity, and lower volatilization rate. The catalytic gauzes made of the new alloy show higher conversion rate of ammonia to oxides of nitrogen, lower platinum - loss rate and ammonia consumption rate, greater corrosion - , adhesion - and poisoning - resistance, and longer service life in the industrial nitric acid production process in the atmospheric and medium pressure reactors.
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