5个新疆野生黄花苜蓿居群表型变异性

摘要

In this study, five populations of wild Medicago falcata from Xinjiang were examined. The genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in primitive populations was evaluated by analyzing the correlations, principal components, variability of distribution area, and variability of 20 phenotypic traits (including leaf, flower, and stem nodes) to provide valuable information for future research on genetic variation and germplasm innovation. Results showed that differences among populations were highly significant for all traits except leaf length and petiole length, though differences in these traits were still significant. Additionally, we found that M. falcata has rich polymorphism. The average coefficients of variation of phenotypic traits were 20.19％ and 27.66％ in the population and inter-population , respectively, which indicated that the main phenotypic differences of M. falcata came from the inter-population . Different degrees of correlation occurred among the 20 phenotypic traits. Negative correlations were observed between the number of branches and latitude and longitude, plant height, and altitude. Results also showed that the 20 phenotypic traits can be classified into 6 principal component factors with an accumulative contribution rate of 71.75％. The variation of phenotypic traits between populations was primarily due to leaf, internode, and flower features.%以5 个新疆野生黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata) 居群为材料,通过对其叶、花、茎节等20 个表型性状及分布地区进行相关性、主成分及变异性等分析,探究原始居群表型性状的遗传多样性规律,以期为进一步开展新疆黄花苜蓿遗传变异及种质创新研究提供基础数据.结果表明,1) 5 个居群20 个性状差异明显,除叶长差异和叶柄长差异达到显著水平(P ＜ 0.05) 外,其余18 个性状差异均达到极显著水平(P ＜ 0.01);2) 黄花苜蓿具有丰富的多态性,表型性状在居群内平均变异系数为20.19％,居群间为27.66％,且居群间差异大于居群内,表明黄花苜蓿不同居群表型差异主要来源于居群间;3) 20 个表型性状间均存在不同程度的相关性,经纬度与分枝数、海拔与株高均呈现负相关关系;4) 20 个表型性状可归为6 个主成分因子,累计贡献率达71.75％,居群间表型性状变异主要来自叶片、节间及花部特性.