三峡水库常年回水区和尚滩汛期航道条件变化分析*

摘要

收集三峡水库常年回水区洪水急流滩——和尚滩大量的实测地形、水文及过往船舶航行资料，建立了数学模型，分析汛期的航道条件变化，并得到和尚滩的船舶自航上滩临界流量条件。结果表明：175 m试验性蓄水后，和尚滩航道条件有所改善，流速、比降减缓，水深、航宽增加，万吨级船队及3000吨船舶自航上滩临界流量有所提升，航运效益明显提高。%　　This paper collects the data about measured terrain, hydrology and track line of ships of Heshang rapids in perennial backwater area of the Three Gorges reservoir, establishes the mathematical model, analyzes the channel condition variation in the flood season, and gains the critical discharge for ships ascending Heshang rapids. The results show that the channel condition of Heshang rapids in the flood season is improved, vertically-averaged flow and slop decreases, and water depth and width of navigation increases. The critical discharge for the 10 000DTW fleet and 3 000DTW ship increases, and the shipping efficiency in Three Gorges reservoir area is improved.