美国城市设计实施体系及其启示——强化城市设计的诱致性实施路径

摘要

Urban design evolution in China has been largely influenced by American thoughts. Zoning law based urban management has made urban design closely tied with regulatory plan. American urban design implementation relies on a set of coordinative, democratic, professional framework instead of compulsory control of zoning law. With a review of American urban design studies, the author concludes the compulsory-inductive dual characters of its implementation, and pus forwards suggestions for Chinese urban design implementation based on a comparative study.%我国现代城市设计的本土化演进过程在很大程度上受到了来自美国城市设计思想的影响,特别是引入区划法后的城市建设管理系统,使中国城市设计的实施运作一直以来都与控制性详细规划体系保持着紧密联系.但是美国城市设计实施体系并不是仅仅依赖于区划法进行的强制性管控,而是具有一套较为协调化、民主化、专业化的实施框架.基于国内外学者对美国城市设计运作过程的研究,文章从法律、行政、社会和经济四个层面对美国城市设计实施体系进行系统归纳、梳理,总结出美国城市设计实施具有强制性与诱致性并行的特征,并通过对中美现行城市设计实施路径的比较分析,提出解决中国城市设计实施问题的建议.