炼油厂含盐废水中环烷酸的鉴定与分析

摘要

分别用快速化学定性法、GC-MS法、电喷雾(ESI)-MS法和FTIR法研究了加工高酸原油含盐废水及其处理过程废水中环烷酸的快速鉴定、来源、分子识别及含量.实验结果表明,利用在酸性和碱性条件下均产生沉淀的现象可快速鉴定炼油厂含盐废水中的环烷酸；GC-MS法可确定环烷酸主要来自含酸原油电脱盐过程,是影响含酸原油加工废水达标排放的主要组分；ESI-MS法能有效鉴定废水中环烷酸的类型及相对分子质量分布,某炼油厂含盐废水生化处理出水中检出碳数为5～41、相对分子质量为102～ 596、环数为0～6的环烷酸,其中C18环烷酸的含量最高；FTIR法测定某炼油厂气浮和生化处理后,环烷酸的总去除率为93.3％.%Naphthenic acids in brine wastewater from refineries processing acidic crude oil were analyzed by means of chemical analysis, GC-MS, electrospray ionization tandem MS and FTIR. The results showed that the naphthenic acids could be rapidly identified by chemical deposition under acidic and basic conditions. The naphthenic acids were found to derive mainly from crude oil desalter effluent by GC-MS, and were main components to prevent brine wastewater treatment effluent from reaching the discharge standards. The structures and relative molecular mass distributions of the naphthenic acids can be determined by anion electrospray ionization tandem MS. The naphthenic acids in biologically treated brine wastewater from a refinery were identified with the results of the relative molecular mass 102-596, the carbon number 5-41 and the ring number 0-6, in which the content of C18 naphthenic acids was the highest. The naphthenic acid concentration in crude oil desalter effluent from a refinery could be removed 93.3% by gas floatation and biochemical treatment.