英美均势战略的比较与中国应对制衡的思考

摘要

British “continental balance of power”policy and U.S.rebalancing strategy not only refer to the common origins,but also have many different elements.From the point of geopolitics,the British intends to control the European continent through sea power;the US attempts to hold the Asia -Pacific area with its rebal-ancing.From the point of the goal of their strategies,the British intends to maintain its own security;on the oth-er hand,the US intends to keep its leading role in the area.From the point of the means of balancing,Great Britain mainly adopts military means;the US uses military,economic and various other means such as “rules”. Compared to UK,U.S.balance strategy presents new characteristics.According to these characteristics,China should determine the basic ideas of counter -balance:make flexible counters according to different objects, grasp the scale of counter -measures,and seek cooperations in competition.%英国“大陆均势政策”与美国“亚太再平衡战略”具有共同的思想渊源，但两者也存在着差异。从地缘政治看，英国以海权控制大陆；美国则以海权控制海域。从战略目标看，英国推行“大陆均势政策”主要是为了维护本国的安全；美国推行“亚太再平衡战略”主要是为了维持在亚太地区的霸权。从制衡手段看，英国主要采用单一的军事手段，美国采用军事、经济和规则等多种手段。相对于英国来说，美国的平衡战略呈现出新的特点。中国应根据这些特点确定反制衡的思路，针对不同对象进行灵活反制；把握好反制衡的尺度，并在斗争中积极进行合作。