语言、言语与语言能力、语言运用的对比分析

摘要

At the beginning of the 20th century, Saussure distinguished the concepts of langue&parole, which marked the foun-dation of modern linguistics. In the 1950s, Chomsky put forward the concepts of competence and performance. From then on, Linguistics began its explanatory phase. Based on what have done it is thought that the binary dichotomy of Saussure and Chom-sky has some distinctions and relations. What’s more, they provide the principle of linguistic methodology and determine the study object of linguistics. Thus they influence and promote the development of linguistics.%20世纪初，索绪尔（Saussure）区分了“语言”和“言语”这两个概念，这标志着现代语言学的建立。到了50年代，乔姆斯基（Chomsky）提出了“语言能力”和“语言运用”的概念，从此语言学研究进入了解释阶段。当前国内学者对这两对概念进行了大量介绍，基于此，通过对这两对概念、其背后的思想及其影响进行详细地对比研究，认为他们二人的二分思想既有区别又有联系，更为重要的是他们为语言学的研究提供了方法论原则，确定了语言学的研究对象，影响和推动了现代语言学的发展。