大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）胚胎发育的形态学和组织学研究

摘要

Morphological and histological characteristics of embryonic development of turbot were studied. Embryonic development of turbot was divided into six main stages. Hatching occurred 108 hours post-fertilization （hpf） at 14℃. The horizontal cleavage firstly appeared at 64-cell stage, when blastomere differentiated into the enveloping layer on the periphery and the deep cells in the center. Yolk syncytial layer and blastocoel were formed at multiple-cell stage and low stage, respectively. At 26.5hpf, embryonic shield occurred. Head anlage appeared at 65%-epiboly stage, neural rod and somite formed at 90%-epiboly stage, and notochord primordium formed at complete epiboly stage. Kupffer＇s vesicle occurred at 59h 35min hpf, digestive tube occurred at 72 hpf, pronephric tubule occurred at 74 hpf, and the vacuolization of notochord occurred at 82 hpf. Kupffer＇s vesicle degenerated at 89 hpf, and the posterior digestive tract of embryo was ciliated. At 94 hpf, the heart began to beat. The specific pigment cluster appeared in the fin fold of the newly hatched larva.%采用显微镜和连续切片技术,观察了大菱鲆胚胎发育阶段的形态学和组织学特征。结果表明,大菱鲆胚胎发育主要经历6个时期;在14℃,胚体经108h即可孵化出膜。胚胎在64细胞期出现纬裂,分裂球分化为外层的包被层和内部的深层细胞;多细胞期形成卵黄合胞体层;低囊胚期形成囊胚腔。受精后26h30min胚盾出现。胚盘下包65%时,头突出现;下包90%时,神经索和体节形成;下包完全时,脊索原基形成。受精后59h35min,克氏囊出现;72h消化管出现;74h前肾小管形成;82h脊索部分细胞发生＂真空化＂;89h克氏囊退化消失,胚胎消化管的后端出现纤毛;94h胚体的心跳开始。初孵仔鱼鳍褶上形成特有的色素丛。