渤海湾近30年海岸线变迁与分析

摘要

海湾岸线是海湾变迁监测的重要对象.文章利用美国陆地资源卫星 Landsat -5 /TM、Landsat-7 /ETM和中国环境减灾星 HJ -1A、B /CCD 遥感数据,对渤海湾 1986 -2014 年近 30 年来的水域面积、岸线长度和岸线分形维数进行了解译测算.结果表明,渤海湾平均高潮位的水域面积呈现不断减小的趋势,其数值由 1986 年的(13 909.97 ±3.53)km2 减少至 2014 年的(12 641.99 ± 11.50)km2;岸线长度呈现先减小再增加的变化规律,其数值由 1986 年的(968.41 ±1.84)km 减少至 1998 年的(642.43 ±2.59)km,再增加至 2014 年的(850.94 ±10.78)km;渤海湾岸线分形维数从1986 年的 1.110 2 下降至 2014 年的 1.064 9;同时分析发现养殖场建造、围填海和港口建设等海洋工程是渤海湾岸线变迁的主要驱动力因素;渤海湾岸线分形维数与天津市国内生产总值(GDP)的倒数变化呈现线性相关系数为 0.95 的高相关性.文章的测算和分析结果对海湾动力学研究、环境变迁评估和海湾开发管理具有参考价值.%The coastline of a bay is an important object to be monitored for the changes of the Bay.In this paper,the surface area of sea water in Bohai Bay,length and fractal dimension of its coastline in the last 30 years from 1986 to 2014 were interpreted by using American Landsat -5 /TM,Landsat -7 /ETM and Chinese HJ1A,B /CCD remote sensing images.The results showed that the sea water surface area has been decreasing with the value of 13 909.97 ±1.84 km2 in 1986 and 12 641.99 ±11.50 km2 in 2014;the length of the coastline decreased at first 12 years with the value of 968.41 ±1.84 km in 1986 and 642. 43 ±2.59 km in 1998,and then increased with the value of 850.94 ±10.78 km in 2014;The fractal di-mension decreased from 1.110 2 in 1986 to 1.064 9 in 2014.The results also showed that sea reclama-tion,the construction of marine farm and port were the driving factors of the changes of the coastline in Bohai Bay;the fractal dimension was correlated with the reciprocal of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Tianjin Municipality linearly with the linearly correlation coefficient of 0.95.The results of measure-ment and analysis could be a reference for dynamic research of a bay and,changes of environment evalu-ation and management of bay development.