颗粒碰撞环形调谐质量阻尼器的设计与实验

摘要

Buffer tanks, pipelines, pressure vessels, heat exchangers and some other cylindrical chemical equipments in petrochemical enterprises usually vibrate severely. In this paper, the vibration control mechanism of the mass-tunable dampers used in these equipments is studied by adopting the low element model and equivalent mass identification method. A new type annular mass-tunable damper based on particle collision principle is proposed and designed. The radial stiffness of the axisymmetrically arranged spring system is formulated and calculated theoretically, and the damping coefficient due to the particles collision is measured for obtaining the optimal tuning parameters of the damper. Then, the vibration control features of the damper for different damping ratios are simulated by means of MATLAB. The model of a cylindrical steel cantilever is designed and prepared for vibration control testing, and the vibration control performance of the model near its first-order natural frequency is tested. The vibration reduction effects of the model with and without the particles collision damping are compared mutually. The results show that the annular mass-tunable damper based on particle collision principle can suppress the structural vibration effectively in all directions and in a wide frequency band. The particle collision damping and the ring design can provide a large application space for mass-tunable dampers.%石化企业中缓冲罐、管道、压力容器及换热器等圆筒形设备普遍存在振动。采用低元化模型和等效质量辨识法，对调谐质量阻尼器在此类连续系统中的振动控制机理进行研究，设计一种便于安装的新型颗粒碰撞环形调谐质量阻尼器。理论推导阻尼器环向对称布置弹簧的综合刚度，测量颗粒碰撞阻尼系数，得到了最优调谐参数的阻尼器。运用MATLAB对不同阻尼比的阻尼器减振特性进行仿真，并设计悬臂钢结构圆筒模型作为振动控制对象。对结构1阶模态频率附近的振动控制情况进行实验，对比有无颗粒阻尼下的减振效果差异。结果表明，设计的颗粒碰撞阻尼器能够有效抑制圆筒设备各方向振动，且减振频带大幅度拓宽。这种环形设计思想和颗粒碰撞阻尼可以对调谐质量阻尼器提供更大的应用空间。