磁流变液的汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置设计

摘要

为了解决目前汽车保险杠刚度不可控、对不同碰撞环境适应性差的问题，针对磁流变液流变特性可控且吸能量大的特点，设计出阻尼力可控的保险杠缓冲吸能装置。以最大阻尼力和动态范围为优化目标，采用Matlab遗传算法对结构参数进行优化。分别建立装有传统吸能式保险杠和装有磁流变液缓冲吸能装置的整车碰撞模型，进行碰撞仿真实验。仿真结果表明：装有磁流变液缓冲吸能装置的汽车整车变形和最大碰撞力明显减小，可以有效减小对人员的伤害，提高汽车的被动安全性。%In order to solve the problems of uncontrollable stiffness and poor environmental adaptability of the current vehicle bumpers under different collision conditions, a vehicle bumper energy absorber with controlled damping force is designed. This design is based on the controllable and large energy absorption characteristics of magnetorheological fluid. With the maximum damping force and dynamic range as the optimization objectives, the structural parameters are optimized by Matlab genetic algorithm. Two vehicle collision models, one with the traditional energy absorbing bumper and the other with the magneticrheological energy absorbing bumper, are built to simulate the vehicle crash. The results show that the body deformation and maximum impact force of the vehicle with magnetorheological bumper are reduced significantly. The magnetorheological bumper can effectively reduce the harm to people and raise the automotive safety.