踏面不圆顺对高速列车车轮运行声辐射的影响

摘要

Three wheels with the same wheel diameter difference of a high-speed train are selected as research objects. The finite element model and the boundary element model are established to study the effect of wheel tread roughness on sound radiation characteristics of the trains at the speed of 300 km/h.Through the comparative analysis of the results,it is concluded that it is less scientific to predict the wheel sound radiation level by using a single wheel diameter difference only. Different wheels of the same diameter difference may still yield different sound radiation characteristics, but is closely related to wheel/rail force of each wavelength corresponding to wheel tread roundness.The sound radiation level of a certain frequency depends on the wheel/rail force of this frequency directly.Moreover,the roughness of high frequency section is more likely to excite larger wheel/rail force and produce higher sound radiation level than that of low frequency section. Therefore,the wheel tread repairing should focus on the reduction of the high frequency roughness.%选取3个轮径差相同的同型高速列车车轮,并基于车轮有限元和边界元声学模型,研究车轮踏面不圆顺对于车轮在速度300 km/h运行状态下声辐射特性的影响.对比分析结果表明:工程中仅以轮径差大小来预测车轮声辐射水平的方法有失科学性.轮径差相同的不同车轮,其引起的声辐射特性可能不同,而是与车轮踏面不圆顺在各个波长下的所对应的轮轨力有密切关系;车轮在某频率下的声辐射水平,直接取决于该频率下轮轨力的大小;同时,高频段的粗糙度相比低频段更易激发出较大的轮轨力,也就会产生更显著的噪声辐射水平,因此,车轮在镟修时,更应着重削减其在高频段的粗糙度.