大断面浅埋隧道下穿既有建筑群爆破减震模型试验与研究

摘要

In order to study the effects of blasting construction on structure safety for shallow tunnels with large sec⁃tions that pass through or approach existing buildings in mountain areas, two blasting vibration reduction models were established based on engineering practices. The findings of the experimental study and analysis of the two mod⁃els are as follows:1) during upper bench excavation, the ring vibration reduction model for the bench had a more re⁃markable damping capacity than the left-and-right alternating vibration reduction model in terms of blasting con⁃struction;2) the rational design of the maximum explosive charge for a single section and the detonator rank are key indicators for controlled blasting;3) as for controlled blasting construction at the middle and lower benches in shal⁃low tunnels with large sections, the layered and segmented blasting is superior to blasting from left to right.%针对大断面浅埋隧道穿越或临近山区城镇既有建(构)筑物时爆破施工对其结构安全的危害问题，文章结合工程实际建立了两种爆破减震模型，通过对这两种爆破减震模型的研究和探讨，得出以下结论：（1）在上台阶开挖中，台阶环形减震模型较左右交替减震模型对于爆破施工更具明显减震能力；（2）单段最大装药量和雷管段别的合理设计是控制爆破的主要指标；（3）针对大断面隧道中、下台阶的控制爆破施工，顺层分段爆破较左右分块爆破更具优越性。