车下设备弹性悬挂对高速客车平稳性的影响

摘要

为了分析车下设备弹性悬挂参数对高速客车平稳性的影响，通过对CRH3型高速动车组的车体有限元模型进行模态计算，并利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立高速动车组单车刚柔耦合系统动力学模型，研究车下设备悬挂参数对车体振动的影响规律。通过对比分析刚性与弹性两种不同的车下设备联接方式，结果表明弹性联接方式能够对车体的弯曲振动起到一定的抑制作用，能够降低车下设备对车体振动的影响。当车下设备的垂向悬挂频率介于8～12 Hz之间时，车体中部的垂向平稳性指标值最小，而车下设备垂向悬挂频率的改变对车体前端和后端的平稳性指标影响不大。这表明当车下设备的垂向悬挂频率接近车体的垂向弯曲频率时，只能在一定程度上降低车体中部的垂向振动。同样，车下设备横向悬挂刚度的改变对车体前端和后端的平稳性指标影响也不大，主要影响车体中部的横向平稳性指标，最终优化的车下设备横向悬挂刚度要大于1．2倍的垂向悬挂刚度。车下设备质量越重、离车体中部越近，车体中部的平稳性指标值越小即车辆的平稳性越好。%In order to analyze influence of vehicle ride quality with equipment suspension ,calculates the modal of finite element model of CRH3 high-speed Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) carbody.Through multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK,the rigid-flexible coupling system dynamics model of high-speed EMU is established .The influence law of equipment suspension parame-ters to vibration of carbody is studied .Comparing rigid suspension with flexible suspension ,the result shows that flexible suspen-sion design can restrain vertical bend vibration of carbody and can reduce the influence of equipment under car to vibration of car -body.When vertical suspension frequency of equipment ranging from 8 to 12Hz,the vertical ride index at the centre of carbody is smallest and it has little effect to ride index at front and rear of carbody .This shows that only when the vertical suspension fre-quency of equipment is close to the bend frequency of carbody ,reduce the vertical vibration at the centre of carbody to some ex-tent.Changing lateral suspension stiffness of equipment has little effect on the lateral ride index at front and rear of carbody and it mainly affects the lateral ride index at the centre of carbody .The optimization result of equipment lateral suspension stiffness is greater than the vertical suspension stiffness .The more quality of equipment ,the smaller the ride index at the centre of carbody . The more near the centre of carbody ,the smaller the ride index at the centre of carbody .