The expansion of the scope of things in Civil law has been proceeding with the step of progress of civilization. Ancient and primitive society is sacred society so humans are filled with veneration for everything. With reverence, they respect the nature and make moderate use of it. The scope of things used for the well-being of the mankind is extremely limited. The development of civil society destroyed the sacredness of the universe and nature while emancipating humans' ideas and desires. Meanwhile, technological rationality bestowed humans with the command of controlling nature. Thereafter, with the impudent ideas and technological rationality, humans have been proceeding to conquer the nature and the universe on a large scale. As a result, the idea of things in civil law has been expanding, resulting in the thingness of humans. Therefore, we should question the expansion of things in civil law.%民法中物的范围与人类的进步有着一致的步伐。远古原始社会是一个神圣的社会，自然宇宙的一切无不具有神圣的性质。人们尊重自然、敬畏自然、有节制地利用自然，能被用来满足人类需要的自然之物极其有限。在基督教的观念中，大地万物包括人皆为上帝所创造，人类未敢洞悉其秘密，人类生活于大地、节制地利用大地万物是为了向万能的上帝负责，希望能进入彼岸世界。市民社会的发展破除了自然宇宙的神圣，解放了人的观念和欲望，而科技理性则使人类获得了控制、利用自然的力量。张狂的观念与科技理性携手，使人类认为，自己不仅可以、并且能够认识自然宇宙中的一切，造福人类，从而大踏步地开始了对自然宇宙和人自身的物化进程。于是，民法上物的观念也随之不断地扩张，从地表至地心、从江河湖海至日月星辰、从树木草芥至雷电风雨、从猛禽野兽至人，无一不可以成为物。人类控制自然、改造自然，人类研究、解剖自身，给人类带来了福祉，可其负面效果也是灾难性的。人在物化自然的同时，破坏了自然，使人类因此丧失了存在的根基；人在研究、解剖自身生命奥秘的同时物化了自身，导致了人的异化。这就是市民社会中的人所面临的两难结局，因此民法上物的范围充分扩张，其结果是人的升华，抑或是人的堕落、异化?
展开▼
