集权趋向与治理失衡--农村义务教育供给机制变革的制度分析

摘要

In 30 years,the supply mechanism of China’s rural compulsory education experienced continuous centralized orientation reform. It is the up-moving of funding and managing responsibility that causes suspending supply of compulsory education as to rural society and corresponding governance imbalance.To improve the supply level and quality,further centralization is not a rational choice.The fundamental and effective way is speeding up the public service-oriented transformation of the county and township governments ,and at the same time,empowering the rural society and reconstructing the grass roots governance structure.%近30年来，中国农村义务教育在供给方面发生了集权趋向的持续改革。随着财政供给主体和管理权的上移，农村义务教育逐渐脱离了乡村社会，造成了农村义务教育之于乡村社会的“悬浮”以及相应的治理机制失衡。为提高农村义务教育供给水平和质量，在供给机制设计上不宜进一步集权，而要提高县级政府对农村义务教育的重视程度，途径是促进县乡政府向公共服务型政府职能转型，并提高县级政府可支配财力，同时对乡村社会进行制度化赋权，重构农村义务教育基层治理结构。