CRISPR系统与哺乳动物免疫系统的比较及其功能的研究进展

摘要

The immune system of bacteria against phage shares a lot of similarity with that of mammals, especially the adaptive immune system.The elements and components of the bacterial adaptive immune system———clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ( CRISPR ) and the mammalian adaptive immune system have a lot of parallel mechanisms.We could acquire new understanding about the immune function of CRISPR systems through that analogy.In recent years, researchers have found CRISPR-Cas system can play significant roles in regulating bacterial growth and metabolism.These researches have revealed new functions of CRISPR beyond immunity.The ability of CRISPR to affect gene expression has attracted increasing attention.Further studies are needed to shed light on the complicated functions of CRISPR.%原核生物防御噬菌体入侵的机制与哺乳类免疫防御机制有很多相似之处，尤其是特异性免疫机制，原核生物的特异性免疫系统即成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（ clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats， CRISPR）与哺乳类特异性免疫系统在很多环节体现了相似的规律。通过比较，能够加深对CRISPR的免疫功能的认识。近年发现，除了发挥特异性免疫功能，CRISPR系统还参与了许多细菌生长代谢过程的调控机制，调控基因表达的能力更是受到广泛的关注。 CRISPR系统功能的复杂程度远远超出免疫防御的范畴，值得深入研究。