小肠胆固醇吸收相关蛋白的研究进展

摘要

多种蛋白参与了小肠胆固醇的吸收，其中尼曼－匹克C1型类似蛋白1（Niemann-Pick C1 like 1，NPC1L1）主要介导小肠对胆固醇的吸收；小肠吸收的游离胆固醇在酰基辅酶A-胆固醇酰基转移酶2[acyl-coenzyme A（CoA）∶cholesterol acyltransferase 2，ACAT2]的催化下形成胆固醇酯并经淋巴系统进入血液循环，而未被酯化的胆固醇则通过ATP结合盒转运蛋白G5／G8[ATP-binding cassette（ABC） transporters G5／G8，ABCG5／ABCG8]分泌入肠腔，转录因子肝X受体（ liver X receptor，LXR）在小肠胆固醇吸收过程中发挥了重要的调节作用。该文主要对小肠胆固醇吸收相关蛋白NPC1 L1、ABCG5／ABCG8、ACAT2和LXR的研究进展进行了综述。%Several proteins are involved in the absorption of cholesterol in small intestine.Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) mainly mediates the absorption of cholesterol, and acyl-coenzyme A ( CoA)∶cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) catalyzes the free cholesterol absorpted by intestine into cholesterol ester,while unesterified free cholesterol is secreted into intestinal lumen by ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters G5/G8(ABCG5/ABCG8).Transcription factor liver X receptor( LXR) plays an important role in the process of intestinal cholesterol absorption.The research progress in NPC1L1,ABCG5/ABCG8,ACAT2 and LXR is reviewed in this article.