抗辐射药物研发进展

摘要

抗辐射药物又称辐射防护药，可预防射线对人体的损伤，减轻放射病的临床症状，促进早期恢复，降低发病率或死亡率。早期该类药物的研发重点主要为含巯基类药物，如氨磷汀（ WR 2721）。作为全身照射的辐射防护剂，氨磷汀因用药量大，毒副作用强而受到限制。因而寻找一种可长期服用、低毒和广泛适用的辐射防护剂，提高放疗患者的存活率备受关注。该文简述了辐射防护药的化学分类、作用机制并就其研发趋势作了综述和展望。%Antiradiation drugs, also known as radioprotective agents, can prevent humans from radiation injury,reduce the clinical symptoms of radiation sickness,promote early recovery and reduce morbidity or mortality.Early developments of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, such as amifostine (WR 2721).This compound reduced mortality, but its disadvantages, such as large use and high toxicity, limited its use in clinical practice.To find a suitable radioprotective agent is crucial to reducing side effects induced by ionizing radiation and increasing survival rate in patients during radiotherapy.In this paper, the classification and mechanism of radioprotective agents are reviewed and future developments in this field are predicted.