基于灾害风险的尾矿库监管层次划分体系研究

摘要

通过对国内外事故的统计及我国尾矿库的特性分析,表明尾矿库失事主要集中在低坝小库,而不是中大型库,体现出我国对尾矿库的安全监管层次划分并不合理.综合分析了我国尾矿库监管体系存在的问题,提出基于灾害风险程度的尾矿库安全监管层次的划分方法.在综合尾矿库自身特征、安全度及危害严重程度的基础上,进行尾矿库灾害风险分类,将尾矿库划分为极高风险、高风险、较高风险及一般风险4类,并配合我国的行政管理,形成合理完善的尾矿库安全监管层次划分体系,以有效地降低尾矿库安全事故的发生率及危害性.%Through the statistical analysis of accident at home and abroad,and the characteristics of the tailings in China,it shows that the railings pond′s accidents are mainly concentrated in the low dam and small tailings,rather than large or medium one,which reflects that the safety supervision hierarchy of the tailings pond is not reasonable in China.The problem of tailings supervision system in our country is comprehensively analyzed,and the division of tailings pond safety regulatory hierarchy is proposed based on the disaster risk degree.Bases on itself characteristics of tailings and the level of safety and harm,the disaster risks of tailings pond are divided into four types such as the highest risk,the higher risk,high risk and general risk.Cooperated with the administrative management in our country,the reasonable and improved railings safety supervision level classification system is formed,which can reduce effectively the incidence and harm of the tailings safety accident.