Morphine is an alkaloid from the plant extracts of opium poppy with comparatively low lipid solubility,which is a powerful analgesics commonly used in acute and chronic pain management.Morphine's analgesic mechanism was not well understood until the discovery of opioid receptors in the 1970s.In the last 20 yeats,experimental studies have shown that use of morphine may lead to neurotoxicity in animal models,while the mechanism is stll unknown,which could be associated with opioid-induced apoptosis,neuronal oxidative stress, and inhibition of neurogenesis.The neuronal damage induced by morphine hampers its clinical application, so the improvement of understanding of morphine neurotoxicity will be helpful to limit morphine adverse effects in the applications.%吗啡是由罂粟中提取的碱性物质,具有低脂溶性的特征,作为较强的镇痛剂,常用于治疗急性和慢性疼痛.其镇痛机制直到20世纪70年代才逐渐被了解.最近20年的动物实验表明吗啡可导致神经毒性,但其机制未明,可能与吗啡致神经元凋亡、氧化应激反应以及抑制神经元生成有关.吗啡导致的神经损伤阻碍了其的临床应用.提高对吗啡导致的神经毒性的了解有助于临床应用时限制其不良反应的发生.
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