线粒体DNA拷贝数的研究新进展

摘要

Mitochondrial DNA copy number is the number of mitochondrial DNA in the mitochondrial genome which has several hypotheses about the control patterns of it. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is reg-ulated by mitochondrial transcription factor A,homologous recombination repair protein Rad51 and the specif-ic DNA polymerase gamma etc. The impact on DNA copy number caused by oxidative stress is both-way regu-lated,which is linked with the degree of oxidative injury. In other words,mitochondrial DNA copy number in-creases with mild oxidative stress,while it decreases in severe circumstances. In recent researches,it has been found that the change of mitochondrial DNA copy number has a certain relevance with osteoporosis,diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer etc. Moreover,mitochondrial DNA copy number varies in different diseases and distinct phases in development of certain diseases.%线粒体DNA拷贝数是线粒体DNA在线粒体基因组中的个数，目前存在几种线粒体DNA拷贝数调控模式假说。线粒体DNA拷贝数受线粒体转录因子A、同源重组修复蛋白Rad51、DNA聚合酶γ等的调控。氧化应激对线粒体DNA拷贝数的影响与其对线粒体DNA的损伤程度有关，呈双向调节作用。近年来研究发现，线粒体DNA拷贝数变化与骨质疏松、糖尿病、心血管疾病、肿瘤等多种疾病的发生、发展有一定的相关性，且在不同疾病或疾病发展的不同阶段变化不同。