外泌体在泌尿系恶性肿瘤中的应用及进展

摘要

Exosome is a type a micro-vesicle excreted by various types of cells containing protein,miRNA,mRNA with size between 30-200 nm.It plays a role in regulating signaling pathways of receptor-cells.The research on exosome is a hot spot currently.It could be isolated via a variety of methods,but there is a big difference in the purity of exosomes and oper-ating steps among the methods.The exosome in bladder,prostate and renal cancer not only promotes the metastasis and inva-sion of cancer cells,angiogenesis,but also facilitates the tumor growth and immune evasion.In clinical application,exosome can serve as bio-markers for the genesis,development and prognosis of urological cancers,and it can also play roles as car-rier of siRNA,drugs and tumor vaccine.It has a remarkable prospect in the pathogenesis research and treatment and diagno-sis of urological cancer.%外泌体是各类细胞分泌的大小为30~200 nm包含蛋白、mRNA、miRNA的小囊泡,可调节受体细胞的信号通路发挥生物学作用.目前外泌体研究是一个热点,外泌体可采用多种方法进行分离,但分离纯度以及操作步骤差别较大.外泌体在膀胱癌、前列腺癌以及肾癌中不仅促进癌细胞的转移、侵袭以及血管生长,还可促进癌细胞的增殖及免疫逃逸.在临床应用中,外泌体可作为泌尿系恶性肿瘤的发生、发展、预后的生物标志物,同时可作为递送RNA、化疗药物以及制备肿瘤疫苗的载体,在泌尿系恶性肿瘤的发病机制以及诊疗上都有较大的应用前景.