目的 通过建立比格犬邻舱爆震伤实验模型,探讨该工况下颅脑爆震伤的病理生理变化,并推测可能的致伤机制.方法 建造与实际舰船等大小的连续舱室,从7只比格犬中随机选取1只,颅内植入微型压力传感器,用于冲击波压力的测定,其余6只用于各项病理生理指标的检测.将犬固定于爆源邻舱的机柜平台上,以650g TNT当量的裸药爆炸致伤,用传感器记录空间与颅内冲击波压力值,并观察爆后犬血清IL-6、IL-8、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的含量,头颅和胸部CT的影像学改变及脑组织病理学变化.结果 试验犬血清IL-6、IL-8、NSE水平在爆后均有不同程度的升高,与爆前值比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).头颅和胸部CT检查未发现明显阳性结果.病理检测结果显示脑内可见少许坏死区,部分神经元出现核固缩深染,核溶解或核仁消失,细胞界限模糊.大部分冲击波(约90％)被头皮和颅骨阻挡,但仍有少部分可穿透而致伤脑组织.结论 舰船邻舱爆炸主要引起轻型颅脑损伤,头皮与颅骨对冲击波具有较强的阻挡作用.%Objective Through the establishment of adjacent cabin blast injury model of Beagle dog,to investigate the pathophysiological changes in the experimental animals in this scenario,then speculate on the mechanisms of injury.Methods Several adjacent cabins were built in the same size with the real warship.Seven Beagle dogs were subjected to injuries from the explosion,from whom one was selected randomly to implant intracranial pressure transducers before blast,the others were tested on the pathophysiological changes after blast.The dogs were mounted on the platform of a cabinet in the adjacent cabin,subjected to injury from 650g bare TNT explosive blast.The transducers recorded the value of space and intracranial shock wave pressure.Following blast treatment,the serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,neuron specific enolase (NSE),brain and chest CT and pathological changes of the brain tissue were observed.Results Serum levels of IL-6,IL-8 and NSE were elevated to varying degrees after blast.All of them increased significantly at different time points after blast (P＜0.05).Brain and chest CT examinations did not show any significant positive results.Pathological results showed that there was a little necrosis in the brain,some neurons had karyopycnosis,karyolysis or disappearance of the nucleoli,and the cell boundaries were blurred.The blast wave was blocked greatly by the scalp and skull (about 90％),but could still penetrate them and cause brain injuries.Conclusions Explosion in the adjacent cabin causes mainly mild traumatic brain injuries.Blast wave can be blocked by the scalp and skull greatly.
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