380例产后抑郁症发生率及其影响因素的临床探讨

摘要

Objective:To explore and analysis the incidence and the related factors of postpartum depression. Methods: Investigate 380 women who were in thirty days to sixty days after giving birth by using the Delivery Woman General Situation Questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Results:The incidence of postpartum depression was 9.7%(37/380), and more in the elder group(13.3%) than in the younger group(Χ2=18.51,P<0.01). The P score of EPQ was higher in the postpartum depression group (5.29±1.76) than in non-depression group (4.10±2.46), t=2.39,P<0.05. And so did N score [(13.45±4.58) vs (9.31±5.13);t=3.12,P<0.01]. While the L score was lower in depression group [(11.71±4.69) vs (14.99±3.27);t=3.26,P<0.01]. Non-condition Logistic regression showed that the risk factors of postpartum depression were unhealthy status of delivery in the past (OR=2.08,P<0.05), non-harmonious relationship between the family members (OR=2.83,P<0.01), dissatisfactory housing condition (OR=2.29,P<0.01) and so on. There were three protective factors that were spontaneous delivery (OR=0.51,P<0.01), mental preparation for breeding infant (OR=0.11,P<0.01), husband's help in breeding infant (OR=0.34,P<0.01). Conclusions: There are many factors that are related to postpartum depression, and the social and mental factors should be given more at ention to.%目的：对产后抑郁症的发病率及其影响因素进行探讨分析。方法运用产妇一般情况调查表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）对380例产妇在其产后30~60 d，进行调查。结果①产后抑郁症的发生率为9.7%（37/380），且随着年龄的增大而提高（χ2=18.51，P<0.01）；②EPQ中的P量表，抑郁症组(5.29±1.76)分高于非抑郁症组(4.10±2.46)分，t=2.39，P<0.05；N量表，抑郁症组(13.45±4.58)分同样高于抑郁症组(9.31±5.13)分，t=3.12，P<0.01；L量表，抑郁症组(11.71±4.69)分底于非抑郁症组(14.99±3.27)分，t=3.26，P<0.01；③非条件Logistic回归：单因素分析，包括分娩过程顺利等3项有利因素及对生活条件不满等7项不利因素；多因素分析，包括分娩过程顺利等3项有利因素和对生活条件不满等3项不利因素。结论多种因素共同作用导致产后抑郁症的发生，其中的社会心理因素是不容忽视的诱因。