6个不同产地瘤背石磺肌肉脂质及脂肪酸组成分析与比较

摘要

为比较不同产地瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)肌肉脂质和脂肪酸组成的差异性,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对6个不同产地(分别为江苏省盐城市亭湖区和大丰市、上海市浦东新区和崇明县、浙江省温州市苍南县、福建省厦门市)的瘤背石磺肌肉脂肪酸组成进行了分析研究.结果显示:(1)瘤背石磺肌肉磷脂/总脂(PL/TL)崇明产高达(74.84±1.38)％,显著高于其它产地的瘤背石磺(P＜0.05);各产地瘤背石磺肌肉中胆固醇/总脂(Cho/TL)和甘油三酯/总脂(TG/TL)含量差异不明显;苍南产瘤背石磺游离脂肪酸/总脂(FFA/TL)含量最高;(2)苍南产瘤背石磺的总饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)含量显著高于其它产地石磺(P＜0.05),总单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)和总多不饱和脂肪酸[∑PUFA(≥18∶ 2n)]显著低于其它产地石磺,其它5个产地∑MUFA含量差异较小,各产地∑PUFA和总高不饱和脂肪酸[∑HUFA(≥20∶ 3n)]含量差异较大.浦东产瘤背石磺肌肉的C20∶5n3 (EPA)、C22∶6n3 (DHA)、∑PUFA、∑HUFA均显著高于其它产地石磺(P＜0.05).研究表明,6个产地瘤背石磺肌肉中脂质及脂肪酸组成存在较大差异,上海和盐城两地的瘤背石磺含有丰富的人体必需脂肪酸,且DHA+ EPA含量较高,营养价值丰富;苍南和厦门两产地的瘤背石磺具有含量较高且有特殊生理活性的脂肪酸.%Onchidium struma,one kind of economic shellfish with high nutritional and medicinal value,has a long eating history in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and other coastal areas.O.struma can treat a series of diseases according to the drug dictionaries.They once widely distributed only in our country,but in recent years,their quantities and habitats have been reducing due to the environmental pollution,construction along the coast and over exploitation.On the other hand,the artificial breeding technologies for O.struma are still in the developing stage,and large-scale artificial breeding has not been realized.Therefore,the rational development and utilization of O.struma are particularly important.Lipid and fatty acid composition of O.struma in Yancheng,Shanghai,Wenzhou,Xiamen and other places have been analyzed by ascorbic acidmolybdenum blue colorimetric method,copper soap colorimetric method and GC-MS method in order to compare and analyze the differences of lipid and fatty acid composition of O.struma from different regions.The results showed that:(1) the total muscle fat of O.struma was mainly composed of phospholipids (PL),free fatty acid (FFA),cholesterol (Cho) and triglyceride (TG).The PL/TL of O.struma from Chongming was (74.84 ± 1.38)％ which was significantly higher than those from the other 5 places (P ＜ 0.05).The differences of the content of Cho / TL and TG / TL of O.struma from 6 places were insignificant(P ＞ 0.05).The FFA/TL of O.struma from Cangnan was the highest,twice as that from Pudong.(2) The content of total monounsaturated fatty acid (∑MSFA) of O.struma from Cangnan was significantly higher than those from the other palces (P ＜ 0.05).The differences of the contents of total monounsaturated fatty acid (∑MSFA) of O.struma from 6 places is insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).The order of ∑MUFA proportion from high to low was:20.63％ (Pudong) ＞ 20.49％ (Tinghu) ＞ 19.61％ (Xiamen) ＞ 19.42％ (Dafeng) ＞ 19.61％ (Chongming) ＞ 19.42％ (Cangnan).The differences of the content of ∑polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA (≥ 18∶ 2n))and high total unsaturated fatty acids (∑HUFA (≥20∶ 3n))were significant (P ＜ 0.05).The content of C20∶4n6 (AA) of O.struma in Dafeng was 8.7％,significantly higher than those from the other places (P＜0.05).The contents of C20∶5n3 (EPA),C22∶5n3 (DPA),and C22∶6n3 (DHA) of O.struma from Pudong were significantly higher than those from the other places.Therefore,the content of ∑PUFA(≥ 18∶ 2n) was significantly higher than those from other places (P ＜ 0.05).The content of HUFA of O.struma from Pudong accounted for large proportion,significantly higher than those from the other places (P ＜ 0.05).The content of C 18∶3 n3 of O.struma from Cangnan was significantly higher than those from the other places (P ＜ 0.05).The content of C18∶2n6 of O.struma from Xiamen was 4.44％,significantly higher than those from the other places (P ＜ 0.05).The results show that the composition of lipid and fatty acid of O.struma in different places is significantly different from each other which may be related to the geographical environment of their sea habitats,and the muscles of O.struma in all original places contain the high lipid nutritional value.The essential fatty acids in O.struma from Shanghai and Yancheng are rich in EPA and DHA and of high nutritional value.The O.struma from Cangnan and Xiamen has the high content of fatty acid functioning as speccial physiological activities.This study compared and evaluated the nutritional values of O.struma from 6 different places.It provides theoretical references for the production development and comprehensive utilization of the resources of O.struma and its ecological aquaculture.