数控机床导轨变形误差补偿技术研究

摘要

Aiming at problem of the guideway deformation reduced the manufacturing precision for the CNC machine tool,especially for the large and heavy types,it was put forward that elimination of the influence to manufacturing precision due to the guideway deformation,by using the software error compensation technology. By an example of CNC lathe,the influence caused by the guideway deformation to the manufacturing part was analyzed,the guideway deformation curve fitted by using the least square method (LSM)was put forward,and the error compensation principle using the codecorrection technology was introduced. The manner is the theory basis and the technology reference for the whole compensation to the CNC machine tool. The CNC CK6140 lathe is compensated,and the manufacturing precision is enhanced efficiently.%　　针对机床导轨变形特别是大型、重型机床的导轨变形降低加工精度的问题，提出了利用软件误差补偿技术来消除导轨变形对加工精度的影响。以数控车床为例，分析了导轨变形对加工零件的影响，提出了利用最小二乘法拟合导轨变形曲线，阐述了利用指令修正技术进行误差补偿的原理，为进行数控机床全局误差补偿提供了理论依据和技术参考。对CK6140型数控车床进行了补偿，有效地改善了加工精度。