After the long period operation on the vertical machining centre,the units which are made up of headstock and spindle system will produce thermal deformation,which affects the precision of axial size of the parts to be machined. By using VMC750 verti-cal machining center as the experimental objects,the multi-point temperature of the headstock and the spindle elongation deformation were measured to determine the main reason of the spindle deformation. The error compensation model was established,and via the re-al-time compensation experiment on the thermal error was made during the process of vertical machining center. The results show that the error can be reduced by about 75% by the heat deformation compensation,and the thermal deformation measurement of spindle sys-tem on site is 0.028~0.033 mm,which verifies validity of the model.%立式加工中心经过长时间的运行之后，主轴箱及主轴系统组成的单元会产生热变形，这影响到被加工零件轴向尺寸的加工精度。以VMC750立式加工中心为试验对象，测量主轴箱多点温度及主轴变形伸长量，确定主轴变形的主要原因，建立误差补偿模型，通过对立式加工中心加工过程中的热误差进行了实时补偿实验，结果表明：通过热变形补偿，主轴系统热变形实测为0.28～0.33 mm，其误差可减少75％左右，验证了该模型的有效性。
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