气体静压轴承由于存在内部压力浅腔，导致压力腔内部产生气旋现象。采用流体力学软件Fluent对圆形锥形压力腔气体静压轴承的三维流体流动进行模拟仿真，研究压力腔内部的气旋现象及其对气体轴承性能的影响。结表明，由于压力腔的存在，气体经小孔流出时在压力腔内部形成气旋现象，导致节流孔出口附近压力陡降，严重影响体静压轴承的静态性能和动态稳定性。一定的尺寸比例下，圆形压力腔轴承的气旋强度随压腔半径的增大而增强，随腔深度的减小而减弱。锥形压力腔轴承的气旋强度随压腔深度的增加而增强，随锥角的增大而增强。相同的气容比时锥形压力腔轴承内部气旋强度较弱，其静态性能却优于圆形压力腔轴承。%Due to the inside shallow recess existed in the aerostatic bearings,the vortex was produced in the recess. By using Fluent hydrodynamics software,the three-dimensional fluid flow was simulated on the aerostatic bearings with circular and tapered recess,and the vortex in the recess and its impact on the performance of aerostatic bearings were studied. The results show that the vortex is produced in the recess when the gas flows through the orifice due to existence of the recess, which causes the abruptly pressure drop near the outlet of the throttle orifice,and seriously affects the static characteristic and dynamic stability of the aerostatic bearings. The vortex has a higher intensity with the increase of the recess’s radius in the circular,and has a lower intensity as the recess’s depth diminishing in the circular recess within a certain dimension scale. However,as the depth and the tapered angle increasing,the intensity of vortex is much stronger in the tapered recess of bearing. With the same gas cubage scale,the vortex’s intensity is lower in the tapered recess than the circular recess, but the static characteristic is much better than that of circular bearing.
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