NMDA受体的结构及其生理作用

摘要

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体是离子型兴奋性谷氨酸受体的一种亚型，生物体内已发现了3种NMDA受体亚基，且通过选择性剪接至少存在7种亚型，形成具有功能的多结合位点的大分子复合物。NMDA受体在中枢神经系统的突触传递、突触可塑性、学习记忆等生理过程中发挥着重要作用，且NMDA受体的异常会导致一些精神疾病及认知功能的障碍。%N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor is a subtype of the ionic excitatory glutamate receptors. There are three kinds of NMDA receptor subunits and at least seven kinds of subtypes by alternative splicing, forming the macromolecular complexes with the functionality of multiple binding sites. NMDA receptor plays an im-portant role in the synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, learning memory and other physiological processes of central nervous system, and its abnormalities can cause mental illness and cognitive dysfunction.