我国中央与地方权力配置基本理论探究——以对权力属性的分析为起点

摘要

In our unitary system there are also local powers.But how to deal with the local powers exercising？What is the property of the powers？ Without a clear research we can not distinguish the authority between the central and the local by means of determined aim.In our country local powers and central powers are also the administering powers of the people who governs the country when powers and functions are detaching from powers in the course of government.But they are the division of labour based on specialization.In order to govern the country reasonably we must allocate the local powers and the central powers rationally.In a steady manner the allocation between the central powers and the local powers should be accorded with the rules.As the powers exercise especially exceeding their fuctions the allocation should deal with powers and functions so as to allocate legally and justly.In sum the allocation of the local powers and the central powers should make the powers exersice with their purposes through dividing the extent of the authority and making the functions and powers coincide so that the exercise of the powers would be directed by pragmatism.%在我国这样的单一制国家,地方权力的行使也不可避免,但在地方权力行使的同时我们对这种权力的属性却没能进行深入的研究,这使得地方与中央的权力关系很难理清,进而我们现在所进行的中央与地方的权力配置就具有某种盲目性。在我国,地方权力与中央权力一样都是在统治权力的权属与权能分离过程中治理权力行使的体现,只是两者的分工不同而已。为了使人民更好地行使统治权力,必须合理地配置中央与地方的权力。这种权力配置在静态上要求职权法定;同时,由于权力在行使过程中所表现出来的差异性,这种权力配置还要求动态的权能配置的法治化和权力行使的正当化。因此,我国中央与地方权力配置的应然状态就是通过静态的权限划分和动态的权能配置实现权力行使所指向的特定目的,而不至于陷入实用主义的泥沼。