清至民初卫河流域水灾时空分布特征研究

摘要

The floods of Weihe basin occurred frequently as well as other areas of north China in Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.The Spatial and Temporal Distribution characteristics of floods were induced through the analysis of detailed statistics in order to provide some reference for river harnessing today.The study found that the overall times of floods occurred more lately than the early of Qing Dynasty,and exhibited the trend that hap-pened frequently as time went by.Specifically,from aspect of time,there are several periods of floods more intensive and more serious after Jia Qing peri-ods which happened almost every year.This has a certain relevance to the society of the Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline.From aspect of space, the area that most number of floods happened were located at Huaxian and the following but the serious floods at middle and upper reaches of weihe before Xunxian.It shows that the floods of upper reaches of the river can cause more loss and serious consequences,which suggested that more attentions are needed.%清至民初，卫河流域与华北其他地区一样水灾多发。经过对详细统计资料进行梳理分析，归纳出清至民初卫河流域水灾的时空分布特点，以为今天的河流治理提供些许借鉴。研究发现，卫河流域水灾总体上清后期多于清前期，并表现出随时间推移而多发的趋势。具体而言，在时间上呈现出几个水灾发生较密集的时间段，且嘉庆以后水灾日益严重，几乎无年不灾，这与清朝社会由盛转衰有一定的关联性。在空间上，卫河流域各县水灾发生次数以滑县以下为最，但严重水灾的发生次数则以浚县以上的中上游为主，说明上游水灾更易造成严重的损失与后果，此特点应引起我们的足够重视。