放线菌的次级代谢产物及其抗菌抗肿瘤活性

摘要

Currently, the rapid emergence of clinical resistant strains and the rising threat of cancer force researchers to keep looking for novel compounds to treat diseases.Throughout the discovered history of the new drugs, most of them came from resource microbes.Actinomycetes, which are widely distributed in various habitats in nature, have become the valuable resources in developing new antibacterial and anti-tumor drugs, therefore have possessed a huge application value, including novel structure, unique function, a broad-spectrum activities to antibacterial and anti-tumor of its secondary metabolites.Up to now, more than 2/3 of the natural antibiotics widely used in clinical practice are generated by Actinomycetes, among which Streptomyces Actinomycetes are the dominant species and have become an important sources for exploring and discovering new bioactive compounds.The Actinomycetes can produce a variety of different classes of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, macrolides, tetracyclines,polyenes and enediynes.This paper focuses on the secondary metabolites of Actinomycetes with antibacterial and antitumor activities and their functional mechanisms.%如今,临床耐药菌株的迅速出现和癌症威胁的不断上升迫使人类不断寻找新的化合物来治疗顽疾.纵观新化合物的发现史,它们中的大多数来自资源微生物.其中广泛存在于自然界多种生境中的放线菌(Actinomycetes,ACT),因其次级代谢产物结构新颖、作用独特,有着广泛的抗菌、抗肿瘤活性,成为开发新型抗菌、抗肿瘤药物的宝贵资源,具有巨大的应用价值.目前临床上广泛使用的天然源抗生素有超过三分之二是放线菌产生的,其中链霉菌属放线菌作为放线菌家族的优势菌种,已经成为探索和发现新型生物活性化合物的重要宝库.放线菌可以产生多种不同类别抗生素,例如β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、糖肽类、大环内酯类、四环素类、多烯类和烯二炔类等.本文重点介绍放线菌具有抗菌抗肿瘤活性的次级代谢产物及其作用机制.