别尔嘉耶夫论陀思妥耶夫斯基

摘要

一百多年来，关于陀思妥耶夫斯基卷帙浩繁的研究成果充分显示着他的影响力。人们带着各种各样的观点走近陀思妥耶夫斯基。作为俄罗斯最有影响的宗教哲学家别尔嘉耶夫，其力作《陀思妥耶夫斯基的世界观》绕开了已有的对陀思妥耶夫斯基的各种“定论”，从自己独特的宗教哲学角度出发，以“人”“自由”“恶”“爱”“革命”“神人和人神”等为切入点，全新阐释了陀思妥耶夫斯基的宗教思想。别尔嘉耶夫认为，“人”是他全部创作的绝对兴趣，“自由”是其世界观的核心；同时，陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作不是现实主义的，而是象征主义的。这一论断颠覆了传统文学史对陀思妥耶夫斯基的定位。%Over the last 100 years,enormous research findings about Dostoevsky fully reveal his influence. Scholars approach Dostoevsky in different views and ways.But Berdyaev,the most influential religious philosopher in Russia,illustrates Dostoevsky’s religious thoughts with a brand -new way in his masterpiece Dostoevsky’s World View.Based on “Human being”“freedom”“evil”“revolution”“the God -man and the Man -god”in this book, Berdyaev makes a conclusion in his special religious philosophy way,saying that “Human being”is Dostoevsky’s whole writing interest and “freedom”is the core of Dostoevsky’s world view.In addition,Berdyaev also makes an assertion that the writing of Dostoevsky is not realistic but symbolic,which has overturned the fixation about Dosto-evsky in the traditional history of literature.