对水凝胶应用于缓/控释肥料的研究进展进行了综述,发现将水凝胶用于缓/控释肥料制备,可以得到性能优异的保水缓/控释肥料,显著提高肥料和水资源的利用率.但保水缓/控释肥料存在成本高、不适宜工业化生产和不能完全实现肥料的释放周期与农作物的养分需求周期相一致等问题.探索肥料释放的机制与规律,通过控制保水缓/控释肥料特别是水凝胶的结构与组成,调控肥料的释放性能,制备出智能保水缓/控释肥料体系,以满足不同环境变化和不同农作物生长的需求,将是未来研究的重点和方向.%The research progresses of hydrogels applied to slow/controlled release fertilizers were reviewed.It was found that water retention and slow/controlled fertilizer with distinguished properties could be obtained by applying hydrogels to slow/controlled fertilizer,resulting in raising utilization rate of fertilizer and water resources at the same time;and the limitations to the wide application of water retention and slow/controlled fertilizer were high cost,unsuitable to industrial production and difficult to realize the complete accord between release circle of fertilizer and demand circle of crops to nutrients.By exploring mechanism and laws of fertilizer release and controlling structure and component of fertilizer,especially structure and component of hydrogels,tuning its release properties,smart retention and slow/controlled fertilizer system could be fabricated.The fertilizer system can satisfy the need of different surroundings and the growth of different crops,which will be the further focus and direction of research.
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