强奸罪和抢劫罪中的“暴力”与“胁迫”辨析

摘要

在强奸罪中，“暴力”指向被害妇女，且不包含故意杀人的致死暴力；“胁迫”包含暴力与非暴力威胁，威胁内容的实现时间没有限定。而在抢劫罪中，“暴力”指向被害人或在场的第三人，包含故意杀人的致死暴力；“胁迫”只包含暴力威胁，且威胁内容的实现具有当场性。从法律方法论的层面看，司法者在解释不同犯罪中的相同语词时，不能拘泥于法律的形式统一性，而应结合法益性质、罪责特征、刑法体系等要素，在语词外延中限定出最符合本罪罪质特征的部分，以实现定罪的精确性。%When committing the crime of rape,the accused must take violent steps to the victim direct-ly,and the action of killing should be excluded.And the coercion in such crime contains violent and non-violent threats,and threats can be implemented on the spot or in future.In crime of robbery,the violence includes the action of killing,and it can be committed to anyone in the criminal scene.And the coercion of robbery only contains the violent threat,which will be implemented on the spot.When interpreting the same word in different crimes,the j ustice should take the essence of legal interests,criminal characteris-tics,the system of criminal law and other relevant factors into consideration,so that they can find out the most suitable meaning of the legal term,and avoid the legal dogmatism.