古典诗歌中的“比翼鸟”意象及其原型﹡

摘要

The “pair love-birds”image in Chinese classical poetry is often used as the metaphor of human relations like love and friendship.Its origins can be traced back to Book ofSongs and ancient myths.The “pair love-birds”in ancient myths and leg-ends are often seen as catastrophic signs,or as the“auspicious”symbol in the morning sessions of the Imperial Court,the sacrifi-cial rites to Heaven and the Earth or other national ceremonies.This paper summarizes the relevant records of“pair love-birds”in ancient myths,legends,Han-Jin Fu-prose,biographies and novels,and concludes that the prototype of“pair love-birds”should be a kind of bird with vivid colors like Chrysolophus pictus,which is well-known for its loyalty and bravery,thus often re-garded as the benevolent political symbol and metaphor of human relations since the Western Zhou Dynasty.%古典诗歌中的“比翼鸟”，常被作为情爱、友谊等人伦关系的隐喻，其渊源可以追溯到《诗经》及上古神话。神话传说中的“比翼鸟”，或作为“灾异”“休咎”之征兆，或作为朝会、封禅等国家大典中的“祥瑞”之物。综考古代神话、汉晋辞赋和小说杂传的相关记载，可知“比翼鸟”的原型应是“闍髜”“？雉”一类的鸟。其背黄腹赤、色彩鲜明的外在形象，以及耿介忠诚、勇敢有力的个性特征，是其自西周以来被视作王道政治象征和人伦关系隐喻的重要原因。