转喻在句法中的体现及其对语法化的作用

摘要

As a kind of cognitive mechanism,the metonymy can lift the semantic restriction which sentence build on the true value basis,and it largely increases or strengthens the eligibility of the sentence semantic and form. This paper elaborate it through six syntactic structures,including the imperative sentence, double object sen-tence,“Adverb+noun”,“Verb+noun” and subjective sentence patterns and so on.In the paper,the metonymy is classified in three ways from the point of Grammaticalization:first,the semantic metonymy,which means one se-mantic transfer to another one;Second,the block of metonymy,which means two or more language form combine a module in the action of gestalt psychology;Third, the split metonymy, which means the ingredients of a language sequence transfer to the whole language unit.The metonymy is a kind of important cognition means and motivation in the process of grammaticalization.%转喻作为一种认知机制，能够解除句子建立在真值基础上的语义限制，在很大程度上增加或强化句子语义和形式的合格性。论文通过六类句法结构对此进行了解释，包括祈使句、领主属宾句、双宾句、“副＋名”结构、“动＋名”特殊结构和主观化句式等。论文从语法化的角度分转喻为三种类型：一是语义转喻，即以一种语义来转指另外一种语义；二是组块转喻，在完形心理的作用下，两个及两个以上的语形成分组合为一个模块；三是分裂转喻，从一个语言序列中取出其中的一个成分，以该成分来转喻整个语言单位。在语法化的发生过程中，转喻是一种重要的认知手段和动力。